Python中Socket编程底层原理解析与应用实战

目录

• 引言
• 一、基本概念
• 二、Python中的Socket编程
• 2.1 常见的套接字对象方法和属性
• 2.2 创建TCP服务和客户端
• 2.2.1 创建TCP服务
• 2.2.2 创建TCP客户端
• 2.3 创建UDP服务和客户端
• 2.3.1 创建UDP服务器
• 2.3.2 创建UDP客户端
• 三、实际案例：简单的聊天室应用
• 四、高级话题和最佳实践
• 1. 异步Socket编程
• 2. 错误处理和异常
• 3. 安全性
• 4. 性能和优化
• 5. 调试和日志记录
• 五、总结

import socket

HOST = '127.0.0.1'  # 监听所有可用接口
PORT = 9001
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)
BUFSIZ = 1024

def tcp_server():
    with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
        s.bind(ADDR)
        s.listen()
        print('等待用户接入...')
        while True:
            conn, addr = s.accept()
            with conn:
                print(f'连接来自 {addr}')
                while True:
                    data = conn.recv(BUFSIZ)
                    if not data:
                        break
                    print(f'收到数据: {data.decode()}')
                    conn.send(data)  # Echo服务器，原样返回数据

if __name__ == '__main__':
    tcp_server()

import socket

HOST = '127.0.0.1'
PORT = 9001
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)
BUFSIZ = 1024

def tcp_client():
    with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
        s.connect(ADDR)
        print('连接服务成功!!')
        while True:
            data = input('请输入数据: ')
            if data == 'q':
                break
            s.send(data.encode())
            recved =s.recv(BUFSIZ).decode()
            print(f'收到服务器响应: {recved}')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    tcp_client()

import socket

HOST = '127.0.0.1'
PORT = 9002
BUFSIZ = 1024
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

def udp_server():
    with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) as s:
        s.bind(ADDR)
        print('UDP服务器启动...')
        while True:
            data, addr = s.recvfrom(BUFSIZ)
            print(f'收到来自 {addr} 的数据: {data.decode()}')
            resp = '收到您的消息！'.encode()
            s.sendto(resp, addr)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    udp_server()

import socket

HOST = '127.0.0.1'
PORT = 9002
BUFSIZ = 1024
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

def udp_client():
    with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) as s:
        while True:
            data = input('请输入数据（输入q退出）: ')
            if data == 'q':
                break
            s.sendto(data.encode(), ADDR)
            resp, server = s.recvfrom(BUFSIZ)
            print(f'收到服务器响应: {resp.decode()}')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    udp_client()

import socket
import threading

HOST = 'localhost'
PORT = 9003
BUFSIZ = 1024
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)
clients = []

def handle_client(conn, addr):
    print(f'连接来自 {addr}')
    conn.send('欢迎来到聊天室！'.encode())
    clients.append(conn)
    try:
        while True:
            data = conn.recv(BUFSIZ)
            if not data:
                break
            broadcast(data, conn)
    finally:
        conn.close()
        clients.remove(conn)

def broadcast(data, sender):
    for client in clients:
        print("打印客户端",client)
        print("打印客户端发来的数据",data.decode())
        if client == sender:
            try:
                #将客户端的原文发动给客户端
                sender.send(data)
            except:
                clients.remove(client)

def main():
    with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
        s.bind(ADDR)
        s.listen()
        print('等待用户接入...')
        while True:
            conn, addr = s.accept()
            thread = threading.Thread(target=handle_client, args=(conn, addr))
            thread.start()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

import socket

HOST = 'localhost'
PORT = 9003
BUFSIZ = 1024
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

def chat_client():
    with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
        s.connect(ADDR)
        print(s.recv(BUFSIZ).decode())
        while True:
            data = input('请输入消息（输入q退出）: ')
            if data == 'q':
                break
            s.send(data.encode())
            if data.lower() == 'bye':
                break
            print(s.recv(BUFSIZ).decode())

if __name__ == '__main__':
    chat_client()

import asyncio

async def handle_echo(reader, writer):
    data = await reader.read(100)
    message = data.decode()
    addr = writer.get_extra_info('peername')
    print(f"Received {message} from {addr}")

    print(f"Send: {message.upper()} to {addr}")
    writer.write(message.upper().encode())
    await writer.drain()

    print("Close the connection")
    writer.close()

async def main():
    server = await asyncio.start_server(
        handle_echo, '127.0.0.1', 8888)

    addr = server.sockets[0].getsockname()
    print(f'Serving on {addr}')

    async with server:
        await server.serve_forever()

asyncio.run(main())

import asyncio

async def tcp_echo_client(message, host, port):
    reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(host, port)

    print(f'Send: {message}')
    writer.write(message.encode())

    data = await reader.read(100)
    print(f'Received: {data.decode()}')

    writer.close()

asyncio.run(tcp_echo_client('Hello, world!', '127.0.0.1', 8888))